Authentication in XOOPS¶

The XOOPS Authentication system provides secure user verification, session management, and advanced security features including two-factor authentication and OAuth integration. This document covers authentication flows, implementation, and best practices.

Authentication Flow¶

sequenceDiagram
    participant User as User Browser
    participant Server as XOOPS Server
    participant DB as Database
    participant Session as Session Manager
    participant Cache as Cache/APCu

    User->>Server: POST /user.php?op=login
    note over User, Server: username/email + password

    Server->>Server: Validate Input
    note over Server: Check format, CSRF token

    alt Invalid Format
        Server-->>User: 400 Bad Request
    else Valid Format
        Server->>Cache: Check Account Lockout
        Cache-->>Server: Lockout Status?

        alt Account Locked
            Server-->>User: Account Temporarily Locked
        else Not Locked
            Server->>DB: Query User by Username/Email
            DB-->>Server: User Record

            alt User Not Found
                Server->>Cache: Increment Failed Attempts
                Server-->>User: Invalid Credentials
            else User Found
                Server->>Server: Verify Password Hash
                note over Server: password_verify()

                alt Password Incorrect
                    Server->>Cache: Increment Failed Attempts
                    Server-->>User: Invalid Credentials
                else Password Correct
                    Server->>Server: Check Account Status
                    alt Account Inactive
                        Server-->>User: Account Inactive
                    else Account Active
                        Server->>Cache: Clear Failed Attempts
                        Server->>Session: Create Session
                        note over Session: Generate token,<br/>store in DB

                        Server->>DB: Update Last Login
                        DB-->>Server: Updated

                        alt Remember Me Checked
                            Server->>Server: Generate Persistent Token
                            Server->>User: Set Persistent Cookie
                        else Remember Me Unchecked
                            Server->>User: Set Session Cookie
                        end

                        Server-->>User: 302 Redirect to Dashboard
                    end
                end
            end
        end
    end

graph TD
    A["User Submits Login Form"] --> B["CSRF Token Validation"]
    B --> C{"Token Valid?"}
    C -->|No| D["Reject Request"]
    C -->|Yes| E["Validate Input Format"]
    E --> F{"Format Valid?"}
    F -->|No| G["Show Validation Errors"]
    F -->|Yes| H["Check Lockout Status"]
    H --> I{"Account Locked?"}
    I -->|Yes| J["Show Lockout Message"]
    I -->|No| K["Query User Database"]
    K --> L{"User Exists?"}
    L -->|No| M["Record Attempt<br/>Show Error"]
    L -->|Yes| N["Verify Password Hash"]
    N --> O{"Match?"}
    O -->|No| M
    O -->|Yes| P["Check Account Status"]
    P --> Q{"Active?"}
    Q -->|No| R["Show Status Error"]
    Q -->|Yes| S["Clear Failed Attempts"]
    S --> T["Create Session"]
    T --> U["Update Last Login"]
    U --> V{"Remember Me?"}
    V -->|Yes| W["Create Persistent Token<br/>Set Long-lived Cookie"]
    V -->|No| X["Set Session Cookie"]
    W --> Y["Redirect to Dashboard"]
    X --> Y

Session Management¶

Session Configuration¶

<?php
/**
 * XOOPS Session Configuration
 * Typically in /include/session.php
 */

// Session cookie parameters for security
session_set_cookie_params([
    'lifetime' => 0,           // Session cookie (deleted on browser close)
    'path' => '/',             // Cookie path
    'domain' => '',            // Cookie domain (empty = current domain)
    'secure' => true,          // HTTPS only
    'httponly' => true,        // Not accessible to JavaScript
    'samesite' => 'Strict'     // CSRF protection
]);

// Set session configuration
ini_set('session.name', 'XOOPSPHPSESSID');
ini_set('session.use_strict_mode', 1);
ini_set('session.use_only_cookies', 1);
ini_set('session.cookie_httponly', 1);
ini_set('session.cookie_secure', 1);
ini_set('session.gc_maxlifetime', 28800);  // 8 hours

// Start session
session_start();

// Verify session fixation protection
if (!isset($_SESSION['initiated'])) {
    session_regenerate_id();
    $_SESSION['initiated'] = true;
}

Session Handler Implementation¶

<?php
/**
 * XOOPS Session Handler
 */
class XoopsSessionHandler
{
    private $sessionTimeout = 28800; // 8 hours
    private $sessionTokenLength = 32;
    private $db;

    public function __construct()
    {
        $this->db = XoopsDatabaseFactory::getDatabaseConnection();
    }

    /**
     * Create new session
     *
     * @param XoopsUser $user User object
     * @param bool $rememberMe Persistent login flag
     * @return bool Success status
     */
    public function createSession(XoopsUser $user, bool $rememberMe = false): bool
    {
        try {
            // Generate secure token
            $token = bin2hex(random_bytes($this->sessionTokenLength));

            // Store in session
            $_SESSION['xoopsUserId'] = $user->getVar('uid');
            $_SESSION['xoopsUserName'] = $user->getVar('uname');
            $_SESSION['xoopsSessionToken'] = $token;
            $_SESSION['xoopsSessionCreated'] = time();
            $_SESSION['xoopsSessionIP'] = $this->getClientIP();
            $_SESSION['xoopsSessionUA'] = $_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT'] ?? '';

            // Store token in database
            $this->storeSessionToken(
                $user->getVar('uid'),
                $token,
                $this->sessionTimeout
            );

            // Handle persistent login
            if ($rememberMe) {
                $this->createPersistentLogin($user->getVar('uid'));
            }

            return true;
        } catch (Exception $e) {
            error_log('Session creation failed: ' . $e->getMessage());
            return false;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Validate current session
     *
     * @return bool Session valid
     */
    public function validateSession(): bool
    {
        // Check session variables exist
        if (!isset($_SESSION['xoopsUserId'], $_SESSION['xoopsSessionToken'])) {
            return false;
        }

        // Verify session timeout
        $created = $_SESSION['xoopsSessionCreated'] ?? 0;
        if (time() - $created > $this->sessionTimeout) {
            $this->destroySession();
            return false;
        }

        // Verify IP address consistency
        if ($this->getClientIP() !== ($_SESSION['xoopsSessionIP'] ?? '')) {
            error_log('Session IP mismatch - possible session hijacking');
            $this->destroySession();
            return false;
        }

        // Verify User Agent consistency
        $currentUA = $_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT'] ?? '';
        if ($currentUA !== ($_SESSION['xoopsSessionUA'] ?? '')) {
            error_log('Session UA mismatch - possible session hijacking');
            $this->destroySession();
            return false;
        }

        // Verify token in database
        if (!$this->verifySessionToken(
            $_SESSION['xoopsUserId'],
            $_SESSION['xoopsSessionToken']
        )) {
            return false;
        }

        return true;
    }

    /**
     * Destroy session
     */
    public function destroySession(): void
    {
        if (isset($_SESSION['xoopsUserId'])) {
            $this->deleteSessionToken(
                $_SESSION['xoopsUserId'],
                $_SESSION['xoopsSessionToken'] ?? ''
            );
        }

        // Clear session data
        $_SESSION = [];

        // Delete session cookie
        if (ini_get('session.use_cookies')) {
            $params = session_get_cookie_params();
            setcookie(
                session_name(),
                '',
                time() - 42000,
                $params['path'],
                $params['domain'],
                $params['secure'],
                $params['httponly']
            );
        }

        session_destroy();
    }

    /**
     * Store session token in database
     *
     * @param int $uid User ID
     * @param string $token Session token
     * @param int $lifetime Token lifetime in seconds
     */
    private function storeSessionToken(int $uid, string $token, int $lifetime): void
    {
        $tokenHash = hash('sha256', $token);
        $expiresAt = time() + $lifetime;

        $this->db->query(
            "INSERT INTO xoops_sessions (uid, token, ip, user_agent, expires_at)
             VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?)",
            array($uid, $tokenHash, $this->getClientIP(),
                  $_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT'] ?? '', $expiresAt)
        );
    }

    /**
     * Verify session token
     *
     * @param int $uid User ID
     * @param string $token Session token
     * @return bool Valid token
     */
    private function verifySessionToken(int $uid, string $token): bool
    {
        $tokenHash = hash('sha256', $token);

        $result = $this->db->query(
            "SELECT id FROM xoops_sessions
             WHERE uid = ? AND token = ? AND expires_at > ?",
            array($uid, $tokenHash, time())
        );

        return $this->db->getRowCount($result) > 0;
    }

    /**
     * Delete session token
     *
     * @param int $uid User ID
     * @param string $token Session token (optional)
     */
    private function deleteSessionToken(int $uid, string $token = ''): void
    {
        if (!empty($token)) {
            $tokenHash = hash('sha256', $token);
            $this->db->query(
                "DELETE FROM xoops_sessions WHERE uid = ? AND token = ?",
                array($uid, $tokenHash)
            );
        } else {
            // Delete all sessions for user
            $this->db->query(
                "DELETE FROM xoops_sessions WHERE uid = ?",
                array($uid)
            );
        }
    }

    /**
     * Get client IP address
     *
     * @return string IP address
     */
    private function getClientIP(): string
    {
        if (!empty($_SERVER['HTTP_CF_CONNECTING_IP'])) {
            return $_SERVER['HTTP_CF_CONNECTING_IP'];
        } elseif (!empty($_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR'])) {
            $ips = explode(',', $_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR']);
            return trim($ips[0]);
        } elseif (!empty($_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED'])) {
            return $_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED'];
        } elseif (!empty($_SERVER['HTTP_FORWARDED_FOR'])) {
            return $_SERVER['HTTP_FORWARDED_FOR'];
        } elseif (!empty($_SERVER['HTTP_FORWARDED'])) {
            return $_SERVER['HTTP_FORWARDED'];
        } elseif (!empty($_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'])) {
            return $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'];
        }
        return '';
    }
}

Remember Me Functionality¶

<?php
/**
 * Remember Me (Persistent Login) Handler
 */
class PersistentLoginHandler
{
    private $cookieName = 'xoops_persistent_login';
    private $cookieLifetime = 1209600; // 14 days
    private $db;

    public function __construct()
    {
        $this->db = XoopsDatabaseFactory::getDatabaseConnection();
    }

    /**
     * Create persistent login token
     *
     * @param int $uid User ID
     * @return string Cookie token
     */
    public function createPersistentToken(int $uid): string
    {
        // Generate random token
        $token = bin2hex(random_bytes(32));
        $tokenHash = hash('sha256', $token);

        // Store in database
        $expiresAt = time() + $this->cookieLifetime;

        $this->db->query(
            "INSERT INTO xoops_persistent_tokens (uid, token_hash, expires_at)
             VALUES (?, ?, ?)",
            array($uid, $tokenHash, $expiresAt)
        );

        // Set cookie
        setcookie(
            $this->cookieName,
            $token,
            time() + $this->cookieLifetime,
            '/',
            '',
            true,  // HTTPS only
            true   // HttpOnly
        );

        return $token;
    }

    /**
     * Validate persistent login cookie
     *
     * @return XoopsUser|false Authenticated user or false
     */
    public function validatePersistentToken()
    {
        if (!isset($_COOKIE[$this->cookieName])) {
            return false;
        }

        $token = $_COOKIE[$this->cookieName];
        $tokenHash = hash('sha256', $token);

        // Query database
        $result = $this->db->query(
            "SELECT uid FROM xoops_persistent_tokens
             WHERE token_hash = ? AND expires_at > ?",
            array($tokenHash, time())
        );

        if ($this->db->getRowCount($result) === 0) {
            return false;
        }

        $row = $this->db->fetchArray($result);
        $uid = $row['uid'];

        // Get user
        $userHandler = xoops_getHandler('user');
        $user = $userHandler->getUser($uid);

        if (!$user) {
            return false;
        }

        // Refresh token (sliding window)
        $this->refreshPersistentToken($uid, $token);

        return $user;
    }

    /**
     * Refresh persistent token (sliding window)
     *
     * @param int $uid User ID
     * @param string $oldToken Old token
     */
    private function refreshPersistentToken(int $uid, string $oldToken): void
    {
        // Delete old token
        $oldTokenHash = hash('sha256', $oldToken);
        $this->db->query(
            "DELETE FROM xoops_persistent_tokens WHERE token_hash = ?",
            array($oldTokenHash)
        );

        // Create new token
        $this->createPersistentToken($uid);
    }

    /**
     * Clear persistent login
     *
     * @param int $uid User ID
     */
    public function clearPersistentLogin(int $uid): void
    {
        // Delete all tokens for user
        $this->db->query(
            "DELETE FROM xoops_persistent_tokens WHERE uid = ?",
            array($uid)
        );

        // Delete cookie
        setcookie(
            $this->cookieName,
            '',
            time() - 3600,
            '/',
            '',
            true,
            true
        );
    }
}

Password Hashing¶

Secure Password Handling¶

<?php
/**
 * Password hashing and verification
 */
class PasswordManager
{
    /**
     * Hash password using bcrypt
     *
     * @param string $password Plain text password
     * @return string Hashed password
     */
    public static function hash(string $password): string
    {
        return password_hash($password, PASSWORD_BCRYPT, ['cost' => 12]);
    }

    /**
     * Verify password against hash
     *
     * @param string $password Plain text password
     * @param string $hash Password hash
     * @return bool Match status
     */
    public static function verify(string $password, string $hash): bool
    {
        return password_verify($password, $hash);
    }

    /**
     * Check if password needs rehashing (stronger algorithm available)
     *
     * @param string $hash Password hash
     * @return bool Needs rehashing
     */
    public static function needsRehash(string $hash): bool
    {
        return password_needs_rehash($hash, PASSWORD_BCRYPT, ['cost' => 12]);
    }

    /**
     * Validate password strength
     *
     * @param string $password Password to validate
     * @return array Validation result
     */
    public static function validateStrength(string $password): array
    {
        $errors = [];

        // Minimum length
        if (strlen($password) < 8) {
            $errors[] = 'Password must be at least 8 characters';
        }

        // Require uppercase
        if (!preg_match('/[A-Z]/', $password)) {
            $errors[] = 'Password must contain uppercase letter';
        }

        // Require lowercase
        if (!preg_match('/[a-z]/', $password)) {
            $errors[] = 'Password must contain lowercase letter';
        }

        // Require number
        if (!preg_match('/[0-9]/', $password)) {
            $errors[] = 'Password must contain number';
        }

        // Require special character
        if (!preg_match('/[!@#$%^&*(),.?":{}|<>]/', $password)) {
            $errors[] = 'Password must contain special character';
        }

        return [
            'valid' => empty($errors),
            'errors' => $errors
        ];
    }

    /**
     * Generate random password
     *
     * @param int $length Password length
     * @return string Random password
     */
    public static function generateRandom(int $length = 12): string
    {
        $charset = 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789!@#$%^&*';
        $password = '';

        for ($i = 0; $i < $length; $i++) {
            $password .= $charset[random_int(0, strlen($charset) - 1)];
        }

        return $password;
    }
}

Two-Factor Authentication¶

2FA Implementation Overview¶

<?php
/**
 * Two-Factor Authentication Handler
 */
class TwoFactorAuthHandler
{
    private $db;
    private $qrCodeGenerator;
    private $totpTimeout = 30;

    public function __construct()
    {
        $this->db = XoopsDatabaseFactory::getDatabaseConnection();
    }

    /**
     * Enable 2FA for user
     *
     * @param int $uid User ID
     * @return array Setup data with secret and QR code
     */
    public function enable2FA(int $uid): array
    {
        // Generate secret
        $secret = $this->generateSecret();

        // Generate QR code
        $qrCode = $this->generateQRCode($uid, $secret);

        // Store secret temporarily (not yet confirmed)
        $this->storeTempSecret($uid, $secret);

        return [
            'secret' => $secret,
            'qrCode' => $qrCode
        ];
    }

    /**
     * Confirm 2FA setup with TOTP code
     *
     * @param int $uid User ID
     * @param string $code TOTP code
     * @return bool Confirmation success
     */
    public function confirm2FA(int $uid, string $code): bool
    {
        // Get temporary secret
        $tempSecret = $this->getTempSecret($uid);
        if (!$tempSecret) {
            return false;
        }

        // Verify TOTP code
        if (!$this->verifyTOTP($code, $tempSecret)) {
            return false;
        }

        // Make 2FA active
        $this->db->query(
            "UPDATE xoops_user_2fa SET status = 'active' WHERE uid = ?",
            array($uid)
        );

        return true;
    }

    /**
     * Verify TOTP code during login
     *
     * @param int $uid User ID
     * @param string $code TOTP code
     * @return bool Valid code
     */
    public function verifyTOTP(int $uid, string $code): bool
    {
        // Get active secret
        $result = $this->db->query(
            "SELECT secret FROM xoops_user_2fa WHERE uid = ? AND status = 'active'",
            array($uid)
        );

        if ($this->db->getRowCount($result) === 0) {
            return false;
        }

        $row = $this->db->fetchArray($result);
        $secret = $row['secret'];

        // Verify TOTP
        return $this->verifyTOTPCode($code, $secret);
    }

    /**
     * Verify TOTP code against secret
     *
     * @param string $code TOTP code
     * @param string $secret Shared secret
     * @return bool Valid
     */
    private function verifyTOTPCode(string $code, string $secret): bool
    {
        // Allow for time drift (current, -1, +1)
        $timeSlice = floor(time() / 30);

        for ($i = -1; $i <= 1; $i++) {
            $timestamp = ($timeSlice + $i) * 30;
            $generated = $this->generateTOTP($secret, $timestamp);

            if ($generated === $code) {
                return true;
            }
        }

        return false;
    }

    /**
     * Generate TOTP code
     *
     * @param string $secret Shared secret
     * @param int $timestamp Unix timestamp
     * @return string TOTP code
     */
    private function generateTOTP(string $secret, int $timestamp): string
    {
        $secretBinary = $this->base32Decode($secret);
        $time = pack('N', $timestamp);
        $hmac = hash_hmac('SHA1', $time, $secretBinary, true);

        $offset = ord($hmac[strlen($hmac) - 1]) & 0x0F;
        $code = (ord($hmac[$offset]) & 0x7F) << 24 |
                (ord($hmac[$offset + 1]) & 0xFF) << 16 |
                (ord($hmac[$offset + 2]) & 0xFF) << 8 |
                (ord($hmac[$offset + 3]) & 0xFF);

        return str_pad($code % 1000000, 6, '0', STR_PAD_LEFT);
    }

    /**
     * Generate random secret for 2FA
     *
     * @return string Base32-encoded secret
     */
    private function generateSecret(): string
    {
        $bytes = random_bytes(20);
        return $this->base32Encode($bytes);
    }

    /**
     * Base32 encode
     *
     * @param string $data Data to encode
     * @return string Base32-encoded string
     */
    private function base32Encode(string $data): string
    {
        $alphabet = 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ234567';
        $encoded = '';
        $len = strlen($data);
        $bits = 0;
        $value = 0;

        for ($i = 0; $i < $len; $i++) {
            $value = ($value << 8) | ord($data[$i]);
            $bits += 8;

            while ($bits >= 5) {
                $bits -= 5;
                $encoded .= $alphabet[($value >> $bits) & 31];
            }
        }

        if ($bits > 0) {
            $encoded .= $alphabet[($value << (5 - $bits)) & 31];
        }

        return $encoded;
    }

    /**
     * Base32 decode
     *
     * @param string $encoded Base32-encoded string
     * @return string Decoded binary data
     */
    private function base32Decode(string $encoded): string
    {
        $alphabet = 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ234567';
        $decoded = '';
        $len = strlen($encoded);
        $bits = 0;
        $value = 0;

        for ($i = 0; $i < $len; $i++) {
            $pos = strpos($alphabet, $encoded[$i]);
            if ($pos === false) continue;

            $value = ($value << 5) | $pos;
            $bits += 5;

            if ($bits >= 8) {
                $bits -= 8;
                $decoded .= chr(($value >> $bits) & 255);
            }
        }

        return $decoded;
    }

    /**
     * Generate QR code for 2FA setup
     *
     * @param int $uid User ID
     * @param string $secret TOTP secret
     * @return string QR code data URL
     */
    private function generateQRCode(int $uid, string $secret): string
    {
        global $xoopsConfig;

        $user = xoops_getHandler('user')->getUser($uid);
        $label = $user->getVar('uname') . '@' . $_SERVER['HTTP_HOST'];
        $otpauthUrl = "otpauth://totp/" . urlencode($label) .
                      "?secret=" . urlencode($secret) .
                      "&issuer=" . urlencode($xoopsConfig['sitename']);

        // Generate QR code using external library
        // This example uses a placeholder - use actual QR code library
        return "data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%3E...%3C/svg%3E";
    }
}

OAuth Integration¶

<?php
/**
 * OAuth2 Integration
 */
class OAuth2Handler
{
    private $providers = [
        'google' => [
            'client_id' => '',
            'client_secret' => '',
            'auth_url' => 'https://accounts.google.com/o/oauth2/v2/auth',
            'token_url' => 'https://www.googleapis.com/oauth2/v4/token',
            'userinfo_url' => 'https://www.googleapis.com/oauth2/v1/userinfo'
        ],
        'github' => [
            'client_id' => '',
            'client_secret' => '',
            'auth_url' => 'https://github.com/login/oauth/authorize',
            'token_url' => 'https://github.com/login/oauth/access_token',
            'userinfo_url' => 'https://api.github.com/user'
        ]
    ];

    private $db;
    private $userHandler;

    public function __construct()
    {
        $this->db = XoopsDatabaseFactory::getDatabaseConnection();
        $this->userHandler = xoops_getHandler('user');
    }

    /**
     * Get OAuth authorization URL
     *
     * @param string $provider OAuth provider
     * @return string Authorization URL
     */
    public function getAuthorizationUrl(string $provider): string
    {
        if (!isset($this->providers[$provider])) {
            throw new Exception('Unknown provider: ' . $provider);
        }

        $config = $this->providers[$provider];
        $state = bin2hex(random_bytes(16));

        // Store state for verification
        $_SESSION['oauth_state'] = $state;
        $_SESSION['oauth_provider'] = $provider;

        $params = [
            'client_id' => $config['client_id'],
            'redirect_uri' => $this->getCallbackUrl($provider),
            'response_type' => 'code',
            'scope' => 'openid email profile',
            'state' => $state
        ];

        return $config['auth_url'] . '?' . http_build_query($params);
    }

    /**
     * Handle OAuth callback
     *
     * @param string $provider OAuth provider
     * @param string $code Authorization code
     * @return XoopsUser|false Authenticated user or false
     */
    public function handleCallback(string $provider, string $code)
    {
        // Verify state
        if ($_SESSION['oauth_state'] !== ($_GET['state'] ?? '')) {
            throw new Exception('Invalid state parameter');
        }

        if (!isset($this->providers[$provider])) {
            throw new Exception('Unknown provider: ' . $provider);
        }

        $config = $this->providers[$provider];

        // Exchange code for token
        $token = $this->exchangeCodeForToken(
            $provider,
            $code,
            $config
        );

        if (!$token) {
            return false;
        }

        // Get user info
        $userInfo = $this->getUserInfo(
            $provider,
            $token,
            $config
        );

        if (!$userInfo) {
            return false;
        }

        // Find or create user
        return $this->findOrCreateUser($provider, $userInfo);
    }

    /**
     * Exchange authorization code for access token
     *
     * @param string $provider Provider name
     * @param string $code Authorization code
     * @param array $config Provider config
     * @return array|false Token data
     */
    private function exchangeCodeForToken(
        string $provider,
        string $code,
        array $config
    )
    {
        $params = [
            'code' => $code,
            'client_id' => $config['client_id'],
            'client_secret' => $config['client_secret'],
            'redirect_uri' => $this->getCallbackUrl($provider),
            'grant_type' => 'authorization_code'
        ];

        $ch = curl_init($config['token_url']);
        curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, true);
        curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POST, true);
        curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, http_build_query($params));
        curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HEADER, ['Accept: application/json']);

        $response = curl_exec($ch);
        curl_close($ch);

        return json_decode($response, true);
    }

    /**
     * Get user info from provider
     *
     * @param string $provider Provider name
     * @param array $token Access token
     * @param array $config Provider config
     * @return array|false User info
     */
    private function getUserInfo(
        string $provider,
        array $token,
        array $config
    )
    {
        $ch = curl_init($config['userinfo_url']);
        curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, true);
        curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, [
            'Authorization: Bearer ' . $token['access_token'],
            'Accept: application/json'
        ]);

        $response = curl_exec($ch);
        curl_close($ch);

        return json_decode($response, true);
    }

    /**
     * Find or create user from OAuth info
     *
     * @param string $provider Provider name
     * @param array $userInfo User info from provider
     * @return XoopsUser|false
     */
    private function findOrCreateUser(string $provider, array $userInfo)
    {
        // Check if user already linked
        $result = $this->db->query(
            "SELECT uid FROM xoops_oauth_users
             WHERE provider = ? AND provider_id = ?",
            array($provider, $userInfo['id'])
        );

        if ($this->db->getRowCount($result) > 0) {
            $row = $this->db->fetchArray($result);
            return $this->userHandler->getUser($row['uid']);
        }

        // Try to find user by email
        if (isset($userInfo['email'])) {
            $user = $this->userHandler->getUserByEmail($userInfo['email']);
            if ($user) {
                // Link existing user to OAuth account
                $this->linkOAuthAccount(
                    $user->getVar('uid'),
                    $provider,
                    $userInfo['id']
                );
                return $user;
            }
        }

        // Create new user
        $newUser = $this->createOAuthUser($provider, $userInfo);
        return $newUser;
    }

    /**
     * Create new user from OAuth info
     *
     * @param string $provider Provider name
     * @param array $userInfo User info
     * @return XoopsUser|false
     */
    private function createOAuthUser(string $provider, array $userInfo)
    {
        // Generate unique username from provider data
        $baseUsername = preg_replace('/[^a-zA-Z0-9_-]/', '', $userInfo['name'] ?? '');
        $username = $baseUsername ?: 'oauth_' . substr($userInfo['id'], 0, 8);

        // Make unique
        $counter = 1;
        $originalUsername = $username;
        while ($this->userHandler->getUserByName($username)) {
            $username = $originalUsername . $counter;
            $counter++;
        }

        // Create user
        $user = $this->userHandler->create();
        $user->setVar('uname', $username);
        $user->setVar('email', $userInfo['email'] ?? '');
        $user->setVar('pass', password_hash(bin2hex(random_bytes(32)), PASSWORD_BCRYPT));
        $user->setVar('user_regdate', time());

        if (!$this->userHandler->insertUser($user)) {
            return false;
        }

        // Link OAuth account
        $this->linkOAuthAccount(
            $user->getVar('uid'),
            $provider,
            $userInfo['id']
        );

        return $user;
    }

    /**
     * Link OAuth account to user
     *
     * @param int $uid User ID
     * @param string $provider Provider name
     * @param string $providerId Provider user ID
     */
    private function linkOAuthAccount(int $uid, string $provider, string $providerId): void
    {
        $this->db->query(
            "INSERT INTO xoops_oauth_users (uid, provider, provider_id)
             VALUES (?, ?, ?)",
            array($uid, $provider, $providerId)
        );
    }

    /**
     * Get OAuth callback URL
     *
     * @param string $provider Provider name
     * @return string Callback URL
     */
    private function getCallbackUrl(string $provider): string
    {
        global $xoopsConfig;
        return $xoopsConfig['siteurl'] . '/user.php?op=oauth_callback&provider=' . $provider;
    }
}

Security Best Practices¶

Authentication Security Checklist¶

<?php
/**
 * Security best practices
 */

// 1. HTTPS enforced
if (empty($_SERVER['HTTPS']) || $_SERVER['HTTPS'] === 'off') {
    die('HTTPS required for authentication');
}

// 2. CSRF protection
function generateCSRFToken() {
    if (empty($_SESSION['csrf_token'])) {
        $_SESSION['csrf_token'] = bin2hex(random_bytes(32));
    }
    return $_SESSION['csrf_token'];
}

function verifyCSRFToken($token) {
    return hash_equals($_SESSION['csrf_token'] ?? '', $token);
}

// 3. Rate limiting on login attempts
class RateLimiter {
    public static function checkLoginLimit($identifier) {
        $key = 'login_attempt_' . md5($identifier);
        $attempts = apcu_fetch($key) ?: 0;

        if ($attempts > 5) {
            throw new Exception('Too many login attempts');
        }

        apcu_store($key, $attempts + 1, 900); // 15 minute window
    }
}

// 4. Secure password requirements
$passwordValidation = PasswordManager::validateStrength($password);
if (!$passwordValidation['valid']) {
    throw new Exception(implode(', ', $passwordValidation['errors']));
}

// 5. Secure session cookie
header('Strict-Transport-Security: max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains');
header('X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff');
header('X-Frame-Options: DENY');
header('X-XSS-Protection: 1; mode=block');
header('Content-Security-Policy: default-src \'self\'');

Authentication in XOOPS¶

Authentication Flow¶

Login Sequence Diagram¶

Login Process Detailed¶

Session Management¶

Session Configuration¶

Session Handler Implementation¶

Remember Me Functionality¶

Persistent Login Implementation¶

Password Hashing¶

Secure Password Handling¶

Two-Factor Authentication¶

2FA Implementation Overview¶

OAuth Integration¶

OAuth2 Login Flow¶

Security Best Practices¶

Authentication Security Checklist¶

Related Links¶

Tags¶

authentication #login #sessions #security #password-hashing #2fa #oauth #session-management¶